Italiano
- MSc (laurea) in Economics “summa cum laude”, University of Genoa (supervisor Prof. C.M. Cipolla, 1952)
- C.N.R.S. Research Fellow at the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (supervisor: Prof. F. Braudel)
- Reader in Economic History at the University of Venice (Prof. C.M. Cipolla) and at the University of Genoa (Prof. F. Borlandi)
- Associate Professor of Economic History at the Faculty of Political Sciences (University of Genoa)
- Full Professor of Economic History at the Faculty of Economics (University of Genoa)
- Professor Emeritus (University of Genoa)
